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Learn about dark patterns, fair patterns and much more

Willing to dig further on dark patterns? Here are curated resources, including hundreds of publications we analyzed in our R&D Lab, conferences, webinars and job opportunities to fight dark patterns.

Johanna Gunawan, David Choffnes, Woodrow Hartzog and Christo Wilson

This research proposal presents a compelling case for investigating a loyalty framework as a means to tackle the widespread prevalence of dark patterns in digital design. Drawing upon insights from both computer science and legal studies, the proposed research aims to shed light on innovative approaches to regulating deceptive design practices. Through rigorous empirical analysis and interdisciplinary collaboration, this study seeks to contribute to the establishment of ethical design standards and regulatory policies that prioritize user autonomy and well-being within the digital landscape.

Lize Alberts, Ulrik Lyngs and Max Van Kleek

Certainly! Here's the excerpt in the third-person tone: Examining Social Dynamics in Automated Systems The study delved into the integration of human-like social behaviors in automated systems and the associated challenges. It revealed that while incorporating social cues can enrich user experience, their misuse may result in manipulation and user discomfort. From emotional manipulation to contextual insensitivity, the research underscores the importance of respectful and considerate interaction design practices.

Annamari Vänskä, Sampsa Rauti, Timi Heino, Robin Carlsson, Sini Mickelsson and Natalia Särmäkari

In their investigation of 32 popular Finnish online clothing stores, concerning trends regarding data management and privacy were uncovered. Despite the digitalization of fashion, only 53% of stores clearly disclosed their data collection practices, while 84% employed potentially manipulative cookie banners. These findings underscore the urgent need for fair data processing standards in the fashion industry, aligning with principles of transparency and accountability.
Earlier this month, California introduced Assembly Bill 2863, proposing amendments to the state's Automatic Renewal Law (ARL). If passed, the amendments would impose stricter requirements on disclosures, consent, and cancellation processes. Businesses would be mandated to obtain a consumer's affirmative consent separately from other contract terms for any automatic renewal or continuous service offer, and keep records of this consent for at least three years, or one year after contract termination. The amendments would also prohibit businesses from employing dark patterns in contracts and misrepresenting material facts related to the transaction or the underlying goods or services.
Virginia's House Bill (HB) 744, effective from July 1, 2024, amends continuity billing regulations. It requires businesses to provide additional notifications to consumers before contracts extend under automatic renewal clauses. The bill applies to both business-to-consumer and business-to-business contracts. Changes include a broader application of continuity billing contracts, additional notifications about the automatic renewal process, and the prohibition of charging a consumer's financial account for an automatic renewal without first obtaining the consumer's affirmative consent.

Tasneem Naheyan and Kiemute Oyibo

This study explores the impact of dark patterns on user decisions using a hypothetical streaming website subscription purchase as a test case. While users found both studied patterns, confirmshaming and trick-question, manipulative, this didn't affect their trust in the website. Notably, those unaware of dark patterns were more likely to choose a pricier plan when faced with confirmshaming, whereas informed users resisted such tactics. These findings emphasize the importance of raising awareness about dark patterns to protect users' interests.
The Maryland Legislature approved the Maryland Online Data Privacy Act of 2024 (MODPA) on April 6, 2024, which is expected to be signed into law by Governor Wes Moore and come into effect on October 1, 2025. The Act explicitly mentions dark patterns and excludes agreement obtained through the use of dark patterns from the scope of "consent."
The Nebraska Data Privacy Act, approved in April 2024, outlines specific coverage thresholds, incorporates explicit language for universal opt-out mechanisms, and prohibits the use of dark patterns to obtain consent from data subjects. The act defines dark patterns as user interfaces designed or manipulated to substantially subvert or impair user autonomy, decision-making, or choice.

Vibhav Singh, Niraj Kumar Vishvakarma and Vinod Kumar

This study identifies and models the key enablers driving the use of dark patterns in e-commerce companies, employing Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM) and MICMAC analysis. Findings highlight that partial human control over cognitive biases, market competition pressures, and emotional triggers are the primary enablers, whereas long-term economic goals show limited influence. The research offers valuable insights for business managers to counteract dark patterns and for legal agencies to develop strategies against them, filling a crucial gap in existing literature.

Weichen Joe Chang, Katie Seaborn and Andrew A. Adams

Dark patterns (DPs) in user interfaces deceive users into unintended actions. Despite significant research over the past two decades, there remain gaps in theoretical understanding. A review of 51 papers from 2014 to 2023 highlights the need for stronger theoretical integration in DP studies and advocates for broad foundational frameworks to guide future research.

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